Nutrition access disparities
Occurring throughout the world, lack of proper nutrition is both a consequence and cause of poverty.[2] Impoverished individuals are less likely to have access to nutritious food and to escape from poverty than those who have healthy diets.[2] Disparities in socioeconomic status, both between and within nations, provide the largest threat to child nutrition in industrialized nations, where social inequality is on the rise.[128] According to UNICEF, children living in the poorest households are twice as likely to be underweight as those in the richest.[2] Those in the lowest wealth quintile and whose mothers have the least education demonstrate the highest rates of child mortality and stunting.[129] Throughout the developing world, socioeconomic inequality in childhood malnutrition is more severe than in upper income brackets, regardless of the general rate of malnutrition.[130] According to UNICEF, children in rural locations are more than twice as likely to be underweight as compared to children under five in urban areas.[2] In Latin American/Caribbean nations, "Children living in rural areas in Bolivia, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua are more than twice as likely to be underweight as children living in urban areas. That likelihood doubles to four times in Peru." Concurrently, the greatest increase in childhood obesity has been seen in the lower middle income bracket.[104]
In the United States, the incidence of low birthweight is on the rise among all populations, but particularly among minorities.[131]
According to UNICEF, boys and girls have almost identical rates as underweight children under age 5 across the world, except in South Asia.[2]
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